Welcome to the Designer Properties! HOME & LAND ENHANCEMENT
We serve the following counties:
Barrow County GA, Bartow County GA, Cherokee County GA, Clayton County GA, Cobb County GA, Coweta County GA, Dawson County GA, DeKalb County GA, Douglas County GA, Fayette County GA, Forsyth County GA, Fulton County GA, Gilmer County GA, Gwinnett County GA, Hall County GA, Henry County GA, Jackson County GA, Lumpkin County GA, Newton County GA, Paulding County GA, Pickens County GA, Rockdale County GA, Walton County GA
ATLANTA GA RETAINING WALLS - EROSION CONTROL
~There
are three common types of retaining structures ~
Gravity, Cantilevered, and Sheet pile walls
Atlanta GA Gravity walls are made
from a large mass of stone, concrete, or composite materials. Gravity walls
depend on the size and weight of the wall mass to resist pressures from
behind. Gravity walls will often have a slight setback, or batter, to
improve wall stability by leaning back into the retained soil. For short,
landscaping walls, gravity walls made from dry-stacked (mortar less) stone
or segmental concrete units (masonry units) are commonly used. Dry-laid
gravity walls are somewhat flexible and do not require a rigid footing below
frost.
Earlier in the 20th century, taller
retaining walls were often gravity walls made from large masses of concrete
or stone. Today, taller retaining walls are increasingly built as composite
gravity walls such as: geosynthetic or steel-reinforced backfill soil with
pre-cast facing; gabions (stacked steel wire baskets filled with rocks),
crib walls (cells built up log cabin style from pre-cast concrete or timber
and filled with soil) or soil-nailed walls (soil reinforced in place with
steel and concrete rods).
For reinforced-soil gravity walls,
the soil reinforcement is placed in horizontal layers throughout the height
of the wall. Common soil reinforcement materials include steel straps and
geogrid, a high-strength polymer mesh, that provide tensile strength to hold
soil together. The wall face is often pre-cast, segmental concrete units
that can tolerate some differential movement. The reinforced soil's mass,
along with the facing, becomes the gravity wall. The reinforced mass must be
built large enough to retain the pressures from the soil behind it. Gravity
walls usually must be a minimum of 50 to 60 percent as deep (thick) as the
height of the wall, and may have to be larger if there is a slope or
surcharge on the wall.
Prior to the introduction of modern reinforced-soil
gravity walls, cantilevered walls were the most common type
of taller retaining wall. Cantilevered walls are made from a relatively thin
stem of steel-reinforced, cast-in-place concrete or mortared masonry (often
in the shape of an inverted T). These walls cantilever loads (like a beam)
to a large, structural footing; converting horizontal pressures from behind
the wall to vertical pressures on the ground below. Sometimes cantilevered
walls are buttressed on the front, or include a counter fort on the back, to
improve their stability against high loads. Buttresses are short wing walls
at right angles to the main trend of the wall. These walls require rigid
concrete footings below seasonal frost depth. This type of wall uses much
less material than a traditional gravity wall.
Atlanta Sheet pile walls are often
used in soft soils and tight spaces. Sheet pile walls are made out of steel
sheet piles or wood driven into the ground. Structural design methods for
this type of wall exist but these methods are more complex than for a
gravity wall. As a rule of thumb; 1/3 third above ground, 2/3 below ground.
Taller sheet pile walls usually require a tie-back anchor "dead-man" placed
in the soil some distance behind the wall face, that is tied to the wall
face, usually by a cable or a rod. Anchors must be placed behind the
potential failure plane in the soil.
Proper drainage behind the wall is
critical to the performance or retaining walls. Drainage materials will
reduce or eliminate the hydraulic pressure and increase the stability of the
fill material behind the wall (assuming of course, that this is not a
retaining wall for water...).
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